As with 2D transforms, any 3D transformation matrix can be decomposed using SVD into a rotation, scale, and another rotation.
Any symmetric 3D matrix has an eigenvalue decomposition into rotation, scale, and inverse-rotation.
Finally, a 3D rotation can be decomposed into a product of 3D shear matrices.

Rotate about z-axis:

    \[rotateZ(\phi) =  \begin{pmatrix} cos\phi & -sin\phi & 0 \\ sin\phi & cos\phi & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix}\]

Rotate about x-axis:

    \[rotateX(\phi) =  \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & cos\phi & -sin\phi \\ 0 & sin\phi & cos\phi \end{pmatrix}\]

Rotate about y-axis:

    \[rotateY(\phi) =  \begin{pmatrix} cos\phi & 0 & sin\phi \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ -sin\phi & 0 & cos\phi \end{pmatrix}\]

The inverse of an orthogonal matrix is awalys its transpose.
So if there is a rotate matrice R_{uvw} of 3D object, R_{uvw}^T = R_{uvw}^{-1}.

For example,

    \[rotateZ(\phi)^{T} =  \begin{pmatrix} cos\phi & sin\phi & 0 \\ -sin\phi & cos\phi & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix}\]

Then we have:

    \[rotateZ(\phi)  \times rotateZ(\phi)^{T} = E\]

So we get:

    \[rotateZ(\phi)^{T} = rotateZ(\phi)^{-1}\]

Here is a way to scale object along the direction (1, 1, 0). Rotate the vector(1, 1, 0) to the standard asix firstly, scale it along Y axis and rotate it back finally.
The whole process can be written RSR^T.
R^T is equivalent to R^{-1} in this scene.

Categories: AlgorithmMath

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